Respiratory infection: signs, prevention and quick care

Respiratory infections are common and range from a simple cold to serious lung infections. Knowing the signs, how to lower risk and what to do at home can save time and stress. This guide gives clear, practical steps you can use right away.

Most respiratory infections are caused by viruses like rhinovirus, influenza, RSV or coronaviruses. Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause more severe infections. These germs spread by droplets when someone coughs or sneezes, by touching contaminated surfaces, or by close contact.

Symptoms & when to seek help

Runny or blocked nose, sore throat, cough, mild fever and tiredness are typical of upper respiratory infections. Chest tightness, wheeze, high fever, fast breathing or coughing up blood suggest a lower respiratory infection and need quick attention. New or worsening shortness of breath is a red flag.

See a doctor if you have persistent high fever for more than 48 hours, trouble breathing, chest pain, very young age (infants), age over 65, or if you have a chronic illness like COPD, asthma or heart disease. Seek immediate care for sudden severe breathlessness or confusion.

Children, older adults and people with diabetes or lung disease can get serious complications. If you're caring for high-risk people, avoid close contact when sick, sanitize toys and monitor temperature twice daily. Ask your doctor about pneumonia and flu shots. Keeping a pulse oximeter at home helps spot low oxygen early. Check readings and call if under 94%.

Prevention & home care

Wash hands often with soap for at least 20 seconds. Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze. Stay home when sick to protect others. Keep up with recommended vaccines: annual flu vaccine and other shots your doctor recommends. Clean high-touch surfaces and improve indoor ventilation when possible.

Rest, drink plenty of fluids and use simple pain or fever relievers like paracetamol if needed. Saline nose drops and steam inhalation can ease congestion. Honey with warm water helps a cough in adults and children over one year. Avoid antibiotics for viral infections unless a doctor prescribes them.

Viral infections mostly need supportive care. Antiviral meds may help for influenza when started early. Bacterial infections require antibiotics prescribed by a clinician. If you’re prescribed a medicine, finish the full course. Follow up if symptoms don’t improve in 48–72 hours or if new symptoms appear.

Rest enough to feel better and avoid spreading the infection. Wear a mask in public for the first few days if you must go out. Return to work when fever-free for 24 hours without fever medicines and when coughing is much better. Keep hydrated and eat light, nourishing foods. Keep this page bookmarked for a quick refresher on respiratory infections. If you have specific health concerns, contact a healthcare provider for tailored advice.